The paper is devoted to the study of self-management as an effective tool for improving the quality of management of modern enterprises. The modern approaches to the practice of self-management is analyzed in the paper. The place of selfmanagement in the structure of general management of enterprises is defined. It has been established that the majority of scientific works consider self-management exclusively as a means of increasing the productivity of a specific employee, which collectively ensures increasing in the overall productivity of the staff. The hypothesis was put forward that there is a direct relationship between the practice of self-management and the indicator of the enterprise's financial income. An analysis of modern approaches to the phenomenon of self-management was carried out. The key components of self-management are defined. It has been established that currently selfmanagement has undergone three stages of development. The first stage involves studying the experience of individuals regarding the effectiveness of various techniques in their personal work by trial and error.